Robimy nasiona feminizowane - FOTORELACJA

[Obuz11]

Kurde...może mi ktoś powiedzieć czemu nie widzę wstawionych fotek ?

 

[sub23]

Nikt ostatnio nic nie wstawia to dodam mojego Nothern Light Auto od RQS potraktowanego azotanem srebra w proporcjach 1g/1L. Rewersja wygląda całkiem ok....a czy pyłek płodny to się okaże.

Ty żyjesz ?
Pamiętam ten Avatar z minigunem

 

[Obuz11]

Ty żyjesz ?
Pamiętam ten Avatar z minigunem

No żyje Subusiu I robię pestki wg Twoich zaleceń W tamtym roku z osa Pana Pestki a w tym roku Nothern Light w ruch

Btw dzisiaj byłem obczaić i 3 NL Auto zaczyna kwitnąć.....także czekam na otwarcie bananów i będę bzykał

 

[krzysz]

Dzień dobry,

mam zapytanie co do produkcji srebra. Czy materiał, naprawdę musi być na katodzie i anodzie, dla efektywnego tworzenia się tlenków - biorąc pod uwagę, że prund stały płynie w jednym ustalonym kierunku, to czy obwód z monetą na jednym biegunie nie będzie produkował identycznej ilości jonów co układ z dwiema?

 

[#]

 

[krzysz]

nie wiem czy to znaczy, że zadałem głupie pytanie, ale w instrukcji gdzieś na forum była mowa o dwóch monetach, a srebro drogie więc małpa pasuje do tej sytuacji

 

[sub23]

Martwy wątek by # ożywiany raz po raz.
o elektrodzie węglowej ktoś na F# już pisał. robił tak a może to nie to forum było. nic nie pamietam nic nie wiem. czasem mam problemy z określeniem roku _ jest => 2022.
start => Paź 23, 2010 "10.23.10". kiedy ten czas przeciekł przez palce ?

Elektrorafinacja – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

pl.wikipedia.org

Preparation of silver nanoparticles in a high voltage AC arc in water - Discover Applied Sciences

The article presents for the first time the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in an electric arc of high-voltage alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz. In particular, the method and apparatus necessary for the preparation of nanoparticles in water solution is discussed. Current–voltage...

link.springer.com

Materials and method
Materials

Silver rods with a purity of  ≥ 99.99% and a diameter of 2 mm were purchased from Mint- Metals Poland and were used as electrodes. The submerged arc process was carried out in a distilled water with a resistivity of 18.2 Mohm/cm.
Analysis methods

The voltage parameters were measured using a DP-100 high-voltage differential probe with the following parameters: accuracy ± 2%, the bandwidth of the DC 3 dB is 100 MHz, differential input impedance 54 Mohm with a 3.5 ns rise time. The current measurement was made using a PA-677 probe with a DC-1 MHz range up to 70 A. The signals were monitored with a Rigol MSO1074Z oscilloscope.

The absorbance spectrum of the colloidal sample was measured in the range of 320–900 nm, using a UV–Vis spectrometer Shimadzu-UV 1240 with distilled water as a reference. The size distribution and stability of AgNPs were performed by measuring DLS and Zeta potential measurements using Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS90 instrument. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted on a DRON diffractometer (Russia) using monochromatic Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å) operated at 50 kV and 40 mA at the accusation scan θ–2θ. The scanning was done in the 2θ range of 5°–70°. The morphology, shape and size of the silver nanoparticles were examined by TEM technique with a Talos F200X. Atomic-scale chemical maps and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) were obtained using scanning transmission electron microscopy STEM-EDS/JEOL JEM 2800. Elemental analysis chemical was performed using the EDXRF technique on an Epsilon 1 portable XRF Analyzer from Malvern Pananalytical.
Experimental details

The process of producing silver nanoparticles takes place in the current arc between two silver electrodes placed opposite each other at an angle of 60°. The electrodes were 50 mm long and 2 mm in diameter and were immersed in water to a depth of 2 cm. Figure 1a shows a scheme of glassy reactor for the synthesis of nanoparticles a glassy vessel is filled with distilled water and equipped with a magnetic stirrer for uniform temperature distribution of the water medium and homogeneous distribution of the produced nanoparticles. The high voltage alternating current arc was generated using a power supply (Fig. 1b). It consists of an autotransformer with an adjustable output voltage in the range of 0–230 V, which supplies the high-voltage transformer typically used in microwave ovens, so-called MOT, and it allows the generation of an output voltage between the electrodes in the range from 0 to 2 kV. The stepper motor precisely controls the position of the electrodes relative to each other. The measured distance between the electrode tips optimal for generating the electric arc of the discharge was 1.2 mm.
Fig. 1
figure 1

Scheme of the apparatus for the synthesis of AgNPs in arc discharge: a electrode guide system: 1. arc discharge zone, 2. silver electrodes, 3. electrodes holder, 4. steeper motor, 5. glass vessel, 6. DI (deionized water), 7. Magnetic stirrer. b General scheme of power supply
Full size image

In the experiments, the output voltage of the autotransformer was set at 100 V, which generated a voltage of 1100 V on the secondary winding of the high voltage transformer (MOT). The process of synthesis of silver particles was carried out in the electric arc in two time regimes—for 5 min (sample A) and 20 min (sample B). The temperature of the 250 mL water medium was not stabilized during the arc. Thereby it rose in the reaction vessel from 19 °C before the process to 32.5 and 63 °C during the 5 and 20 min arc, respectively. The loss of weight of the electrodes is not uniform and was 0.0013 mg for the first one and 0.0011 mg for the second in a 5 min process. For a 20 min arc, the weight loss of the electrodes was 0.0044 g and 0.0033 g, respectively. Thus the overall weight loss of the silver electrodes was 0.0024 g and 0.0077 g for the arc durations used. From the first mass of silver, 5.6 1014 spherical particles with a diameter of 92 nm can be obtained and from the second one 1.80 1015 NPs.
Results and discussion
Current–voltage characteristics

Figure 2 shows the current–voltage waveforms during NPs synthesis in an AC arc. The open circuit voltage between the silver electrodes before starting the process was 1.1 kV AC. During the process, the maximum amplitude of the voltage between the electrodes decreases to 850 V (1700 V peak-to-peak voltage), and maximum current was set to 0.8 A (1.6 A peak-to-peak current).
Fig. 2
figure 2

Current–voltage characteristics during nanoparticles synthesis as a function of time
Full size image
UV–Vis spectral analysis

The Ag nanoparticles concentration was controlled with the arc discharge time, which was 5 and 20 min. The formation of the Ag NPs during the HV AC process was followed by change in the colour of the reaction solution from colourless by yellow to dark orange, as illustrate photographs in Fig. 3. The UV–Vis absorption spectra of the Ag NPs with different concentrations are shown in Fig. 4. The broad band with a maximum at 404 nm (sample A) derives from the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance characteristic of silver nanoparticles [33]. The profile of the band with long absorption tail suggest the presence of not only spherical nanoparticles in the water but objects of various shapes. For sample B, the spectrum position slightly shifts to 406 nm and widens at ~ 500 nm, indicating a minor change in the size distribution of the NPs.
Fig. 3
figure 3

Silver nanoparticles colloids obtained after 5 (Sample A) and 20 min (sample B) of the AC discharge process
Full size image
Fig. 4
figure 4

UV–Vis spectra of synthesized Ag NPs at various concentrations obtained during a 5-min (a) and 20-min (b) process in the HV AC arc measured in 1 mm path length cuvette. (404 nm), (406 nm)
Full size image
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential results

The size distribution profile of the synthesized silver nanoparticles measured by the DLS method is shown in Fig. 5. The scattered signal confirms the broad particle size distribution which agrees well with the unsymmetrical extinction peak in the long wavelength absorption region observed in the UV–Vis spectra, especially for sample B. Size distribution profiles reveal two populations of NPs for each sample with the average size around of 18 and 90 nm. The shorter synthesized colloid A shows a narrower size distribution. Also the zeta potential distributions have a similar position for both colloids: at − 20.4 for sample A, and − 22.31 mV for sample B (Fig. 6). The calculated average particle size is 48.9 nm and 46.8 for a 5 min and 20 min sample, respectively. In turn, the zeta potential of the synthesized Ag NPs is a sharp peak at − 20.4 for sample A, and − 22.31 mV for sample B (Fig. 6), but for the last one it is wider. These values suggests that the surface of the silver nanoparticles dispersed in water medium is positively charged. High negative values are responsible for the repulsion between the particles and make the colloid very stable for at least months.
Fig. 5
figure 5

Dynamic light scattering size distribution by intensity of synthesized Ag NPs for 5 min (sample A) and for 20 min (sample B)
Full size image
Fig. 6
figure 6

The Zeta potential of AgNPs colloidal solutions of sample A and sample B
Full size image
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

TEM images of the colloidal silver nanoparticles obtained in the HV AC arc discharge confirm their heterogeneity. Interestingly, they also show the lack of aggregates or large particles observed in syntheses by other methods in the current arc [34]. Although nanoparticles are mostly oval in shape (Fig. 7a), triangular or trapezoidal nanoparticles are also clearly visible (Fig. 7b). The measured particles size varies from 20 to 100 nm, but their shape is not related to a specific size. Interestingly, TEM photographs taken at higher magnifications reveal a 4 nm thick shell around the obtained nanostructures.
Fig. 7
figure 7

Transmission electron microscopy images showing silver nanoparticles from AC high voltage arc discharge for 5 min (Panel A) and 20 min (Panel B) process taken at various magnifications
Full size image
Chemical maps of Ag NPs on the atomic-scale by high-angle annular dark-field imaging (HAADF) using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) technique

The atomic composition and morphology of the synthesized NPs as well as the thin coating around NPs visible at higher magnifications (Fig. 7) was examined by the STEM method. Figure 8 presents the HAADF atomic-scale chemical maps. The shape of objects, which are of representative in size, is visualized only in the case of Ag, Cu, C, Si and O atoms. The presence of copper atoms is inherently related to the STEM measurement methodology and originates from the reflections of the copper mesh covered with amorphous carbon. The presence of Si and O may indicate the composition of the thin layer visible in the TEM image (Fig. 7) and may result from the walls of the glass reactor. During the discharge in HV alternating current arc, dissociation of water molecules with the formation of reactive H• and OH• radicals and dissociation of oxygen molecules dissolved in the aqueous medium with the formation of singlet oxygen may occur. Such species, due to their high reactivity, can be trapped on the Ag surface and finally stabilize the colloid electrostatically. Energy dispersive spectrum of the synthesized Ag nanoparticles also shows the presence of silver (strong signal peak at 3 keV) as the basic component and cooper at 8 keV. The remaining elements such as O and Si, although were registered qualitatively are at trace level. The carbon atoms are the result of a thin amorphous layer covering the copper mesh.
Fig. 8
figure 8

HAADF/STEM chemical mapping images of silver nanoparticles
Full size image
X–Ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements

The XRF technique has been used complementary to EDS/STEM to determine elemental composition of the silver colloid. Again, the presence of dominant Ag element is confirmed on XRF spectrum (Fig. 9). The spectrum contains peaks of silver: Kα line at 22.16 keV and Kβ line at 24.9 keV. Also characteristic silver L-line was observed with the L-absorption edge at 3.82 keV. In addition to the silver element, Si was also detected in trace amounts.
Fig. 9
figure 9

XRF spectrum of synthesized AgNPs
Full size image
X- Ray diffraction (XRD) Studies

X-ray diffraction analysis is very important for determination the structure of the nanocrystals and their morphology, as the nanoparticles have been produced in non-equilibrium conditions of very high temperature and ionizing voltage. Figure 10 shows the XRD pattern of the obtained nanoparticles. The diffraction clearly shows the characteristics reflection 2θ peaks at 38.2, 44.4, and 64.6° corresponding to the (111), (200), (220) planes of fcc lattice of metallic silver, respectively [35], [36]. The average crystalline size of the silver nanoparticles was estimated using the Debye–Scherrer’s equation (Eq. 1) on the basis of determining the width of the peak (111) in Bragg reflection.
D=0.9λβcosθ
(1)

where D is the mean size of the crystallites, λ is the X-ray wavelength, β is the line broadening at half the maximum intensity (FWHM) in radians, 0.9 is the value of the shape factor and θ is the Bragg angle. The estimated average size of the silver crystalline domains is 9 nm and is smaller than the size of nanoparticles observed from TEM images. This means that the nanoparticles growing in the HV discharge arc are made of smaller crystallites.
Fig. 10
figure 10

XRD (θ–2θ) diffractogram of the thin film of synthesized silver nanoparticles in high voltage AC arc discharge
Full size image
Summary

The presented solution consists in omitting the electric current rectification system in the process of electric arc generation for the synthesis of metal particles. Instead, the use of a high-voltage alternating current arc with a frequency of 50 Hz can be successfully used to produce silver nanoparticles. During the current flow, the potential amplitude between the silver electrodes was set to 850 V. The colloid is stable for at least several months under ambient conditions. TEM images show silver nanostructures of various shapes and sizes including spheres, triangles and polygons of the sizes between 10 and 120 nm. The presence of Si and O atoms in the solution and as the thin coating on Ag NP surface is intriguing. Accelerated electrons and ions at such a high voltage may have enough energy to etch silica walls of the reactor vessel. This is only a hypothesis that should be verified. In this regard, more study is needed to elucidate the role of voltage and frequency parameters during the whole process of syntheses on the shape and size distribution. Further research should lead to a detailed explanation of the nanoparticle stabilization effect including both electrostatic as well as steric factors by introducing to the submerged medium various stabilizing agents. The new method of particle synthesis may also apply to other metals and semiconductors from which the electrodes will be made.
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Acknowledgements

We thank Karina Kalota, BS (JCC Technologies Inc.), Agnes Ostafin, PhD (University of Utah), Elżbieta Skorupska – Raczyńska (Jacob of Paradies University). Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments on the paper.
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Authors and Affiliations

Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3A, 61-138, Poznań, Poland

Joanna Jabłońska, Krzysztof Jankowski & Mirosław Szybowicz

Technical Department, The Jacob of Paradies University, Chopina 52, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland

Krzysztof Jankowski, Mikołaj Tomasik, Dariusz Cykalewicz, Szymon Całuch & Paweł Mazurek

Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90‐363, Lodz, Poland

Paweł Uznański & Joanna Zakrzewska

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Krzysztof Jankowski.
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Jabłońska, J., Jankowski, K., Tomasik, M. et al. Preparation of silver nanoparticles in a high voltage AC arc in water. SN Appl. Sci. 3, 244 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04177-4

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Received02 April 2020

Accepted06 January 2021

Published01 February 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04177-4

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btw: ciekawe co jest w tym co ludzie sami robią ? kto to wie... ja nie mam pojęcia, konfabulacje raczej.

 

[krzysz]

teraz żałuję że zadałem to pytanie

 

[Obuz11]

Próbowałem tej metody z zasilaczem i srebrem ale kupa z tego wyszła. Jakaś dziwna ciecz. Zdecydowanie najprostsza metoda to azotan srebra. 1g/1L wody destylowanej i masz oprysku na hektary.

 

[sub23]

tak dużo ? wydatek cieczy i sposób aplikacji ? ja właściwie nic nie pamiętam.
ludzie robili tyle myków , że ..... tu i nie tylko tu.

ogórki.

Development and Maintenance of Gynoecious Lines of Cucumber

Tematy Powiazane: Testowanie stopnia "żeńskości" linii ogórka : https://www.forum.haszysz.com/use-silver-thiosulfate-potential-tool-testing-t30794.html Płeć u roślin Fragmenty bardzo starego podrecznika : https://www.forum.haszysz.com/plec-u-roslin-t24536.html Płeć u roślin : wpływ hormonów...

forum.haszysz.com

Azotan srebra : rewersja płci :SILVER NITRATE EFFECTS ON SEX EXPRESSION

Kolejny temat: rewersja płci - feminizacja: Nie konopie. A Ogórek ;) Ale działanie identyko: interesujące może być podane stężenie: do oprysku - inny sposób aplikacji niż we wcześniej zamieszczanych tekstach. stężenia: 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% 0.04% tekst najbliżej powiazany...

forum.haszysz.com

cokolwiek. na tym miało się dutch passion opierać. pierwsze femi na rynku.

CS to IC _ tam analogiczny wątek był absu****nie długi.

 

[Obuz11]

tak dużo ? wydatek cieczy i sposób aplikacji ? ja właściwie nic nie pamiętam.
ludzie robili tyle myków , że ..... tu i nie tylko tu.

ogórki.

Development and Maintenance of Gynoecious Lines of Cucumber

Tematy Powiazane: Testowanie stopnia "żeńskości" linii ogórka : https://www.forum.haszysz.com/use-silver-thiosulfate-potential-tool-testing-t30794.html Płeć u roślin Fragmenty bardzo starego podrecznika : https://www.forum.haszysz.com/plec-u-roslin-t24536.html Płeć u roślin : wpływ hormonów...

forum.haszysz.com

Azotan srebra : rewersja płci :SILVER NITRATE EFFECTS ON SEX EXPRESSION

Kolejny temat: rewersja płci - feminizacja: Nie konopie. A Ogórek ;) Ale działanie identyko: interesujące może być podane stężenie: do oprysku - inny sposób aplikacji niż we wcześniej zamieszczanych tekstach. stężenia: 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% 0.04% tekst najbliżej powiazany...

forum.haszysz.com

cokolwiek. na tym miało się dutch passion opierać. pierwsze femi na rynku.

CS to IC _ tam analogiczny wątek był absu****nie długi.

Btw dzisiaj zapylałem...zobaczymy za kilka dni co z tego wyniknie. Bo część bananów otwarta już była a czas już późny i nie ma na co czekać.

 

[Obuz11]

Witam po krótkiej przerwie. 3 tydzień flo, już czuć w palcach twardniejące pestki + zdjęcie tatusia

 

[DużyTPO]

Siemanko udało mi się na oucie zhermić AF obok niego rosną jeszcze dwa inne do zapylenia parę dni młodsze, moje pytanko to brzmi ile mniej więcej zajmie roślinie wytworzenie dojrzałych bananów?

Stan na dzień dzisiejszy​

 

[#]

Ze 3 tyg pewnie.

 

[DużyTPO]

Ze 3 tyg pewnie.

A wiesz może ile taki zebrany pyłek można przechowywać? Myślę o zapyleniu innego auto ale one maja dopiero 2 tygodnie